Sunflower oil methanolisys and glycerol ketalisation: stepwise production of biofuels and additives with 3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulphate as catalyst
Main Article Content
Abstract
The ionic liquid 3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate is soluble within the glycerol phase that it creates, after catalyzing the transesterification of sunflower oil to fatty acids methyl esters with methanol. Separation of this phase and addition of acetone allow the production of the 5-membered ketal 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxylane-4-yl-methanol, in which the catalyst is insoluble and is removed by decantation. After drying under vacuum, the ionic liquid is ready to rerun to the two-stage cycle with no apparent loss of activity.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The corresponding author transfers the copyright of the submitted manuscript and all its versions to Eclet. Quim., after having the consent of all authors, which ceases if the manuscript is rejected or withdrawn during the review process.
When a published manuscript in EQJ is also published in other journal, it will be immediately withdrawn from EQ and the authors informed of the Editor decision.
Self-archive to institutional, thematic repositories or personal webpage is permitted just after publication. The articles published by Eclet. Quim. are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
O.V. Sherstyuk, A.S. Ivanova, M.Y. Lebedev, M.V. Buckhtiyarova, L. G. Matvienko, A.A. Budneva, A.N. Simonov, V.A. Yakovlev, Transesterification of rapeseed oil under flow conditions catalyzed by basic solids: M Al(La) O (M = Sr, Ba), M Mg O (M = Y, La), Appl. Catal. A, 2012, 419-420, 73-83.
A. Witsuthammakul, T. Sooknoi, Direct conversion of glycerol to acrylic acid via integrated dehydration–oxidation bed system, Appl. Catal. A, 2012, 413-414, 109-116.
Y. Nakagawa, X. Ning, Y. Amada, K. Tomishige, Solid acid co-catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol over Ir-ReOx/SiO2, Appl. Catal. A, 2012, 433-434, 128-134.
N. Hamzah, N.M. Nordin, A.H.A. Nadzri, Y.A. Nik, M.B. Kassim, M.A. Yarmo, Enhanced activity of Ru/TiO2 catalyst using bisupport, bentonite-TiO2 for hydrogenolysis of glycerol in aqueous media, Appl. Catal. A, 2012, 419-420, 133-141.
A. Ulgen, W.F. Hoelderich, Conversion of glycerol to acrolein in the presence of WO3/TiO2 catalysts, Appl. Catal. A, 2011, 400, 34-38.
J.H. Park, J.S. Choi, S.K. Woo, S.D. Lee, M. Cheong, H.S. Kim, H. Lee, Isolation and characterization of intermediate catalytic species in the Zn-catalyzed glycerolysis of urea, Appl. Catal. A, 2012, 433-434, 35-40.
M. Di Serio, L. Casale, R. Tesser, E. Santacesaria, New process for the production of glycerol terc-butyl ethers, Energy Fuels, 2010, 24, 4668-4672.
C.J.A. Mota, C.X.A. da Silva, V.L.C. Gonçalves, Gliceroquímica: novos produtos e processos a partir da glicerina de produção de biodiesel, Quim. Nova, 2009, 32, 639-648.
P.H.R. Silva, V.L.C. Gonçalves, C.J.A. Mota, Glycerol acetals as anti-freezing additives for biodiesel, Bioresour. Technol., 2010, 101, 6225-6229.
C.N. Fan, C.H. Xu, C.Q. Liu, Z.Y. Huang, J.Y. Liu, Z.X. Ye, Catalytic acetalization of biomass glycerol with acetone over TiO2–SiO2 mixed oxides, Reac. Kinet. Mech. Cat., 2012, 107, 189-202.
H. Olivier-Bourbigou, L Magna, D. Morgan, Ionic liquids and catalysis: Recent progress from knowledge to applications, Appl. Catal. A, 2010, 373, 1-56.
T.L. Greaves, C.J. Drummond, Protic Ionic Liquids: Properties and Applications, Chem. Rev., 2008, 108, 206-237.
J. Bender, D. Jepkens, H. Hüsken, Ionic Liquids as Phase-Transfer Catalysts: Etherification Reaction of 1-Octanol with 1-Chlorobutane, Organic Process Research Development, 2010, 14, 716-721.
M.P. Dorado, E. Ballesteros, F.J. Lopez, M. Mittelbch, Optimization of Alkali-Catalyzed Transesterification of Brassica Carinata Oil for Biodiesel Production, Energy Fuel, 2004, 18, 77-83.