Evaluation of pseudo-total and labile metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in surface sediments at the mouth of tributaries of the Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Sediments are reservoirs for a variety of substances widely used as indicators of pollution in aquatic environments. In this research was carried out the evaluation of the concentration of metals in the pseudo-total and labile fractions in surface sediments at the mouth of four main tributaries of the Itaipu Reservoir. Three samplings were performed between February 2014 and March 2015 using Petersen type dredger. The determination of metals occurred by atomic absorption spectrometry and physical-chemical parameters by gravimetric and potentiometric techniques. The samples presented neutral to slightly alkaline character and homogeneous pHs. It was observed the predominance of the clay fraction and the occurrence of variable organic matter between the points. In the labile fraction, only the copper content reached concentrations higher than the thresholds effects levels (TEL) at all sampling points. In the pseudo-total fraction, some sites presented for Cr, Pb and Zn TEL level. For Ni, values of probable effects level (PEL) were verified and for Cu, concentrations in severe effect level (SEL) were reported according to the international sediment classification criteria adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The corresponding author transfers the copyright of the submitted manuscript and all its versions to Eclet. Quim., after having the consent of all authors, which ceases if the manuscript is rejected or withdrawn during the review process.
When a published manuscript in EQJ is also published in other journal, it will be immediately withdrawn from EQ and the authors informed of the Editor decision.
Self-archive to institutional, thematic repositories or personal webpage is permitted just after publication. The articles published by Eclet. Quim. are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Xu, Y., Wu, Y., Han, J., and Li, P., The current status of heavy metal in lake sediments from China: Pollution and ecological risk assessment. Ecology and Evolution, 2017. 7(14): p. 5454-5466. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3124.
Kalwa, M., Quináia, S.P., Pletsch, A.L., Techy, L., and Felsner, M.L., Fractionation and Potential Toxic Risk of Metals From Superficial Sediment in Itaipu Lake—Boundary Between Brazil and Paraguay. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012. 64(1): p. 12-22. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9811-2.
Mudroch, A. and Macknight, S.D., Handbook of Techniques for Aquatic Sediments Sampling. 1991, Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc. 210.
Goher, M.E., Farhat, H.I., Abdo, M.H., and Salem, S.G., Metal pollution assessment in the surface sediment of Lake Nasser, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 2014. 40(3): p. 213-224. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2014.09.004.
Lima, D.P.d., Santos, C., Silva, R.d.S., Yoshioka, E.T.O., and Bezerra, R.M., Contaminação por metais pesados em peixes e água da bacia do rio Cassiporé, Estado do Amapá, Brasil. Acta Amazonica, 2015. 45(4): p. 405-414. DOI: 10.1590/1809-4392201403995.
Poleto, C., Bortoluzzi, E.C., Charlesworth, S.M., and Merten, G.H., Urban sediment particle size and pollutants in Southern Brazil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2009. 9(4): p. 317-327. DOI: 10.1007/s11368-009-0102-0.
Belo, A., Quináia, S.P., and Pletsch, A.L., Avaliação da contaminação de metais em sedimentos superficiais das praias do lago de Itaipu. Química Nova, 2010. 33(3): p. 613-617. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422010000300024.
NOAA. Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs). 1991 [cited 2017 24 July]; Available from: http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/SQuiRTs.pdf.
Itaipu. Hidrologia. 2016 [cited 2016 25 June]; Available from: https://www.itaipu.gov.br/energia/rio-parana.
Donagema, G.K., Campos, D.V.B.d., Calderano, S.B., Teixeira, W.G., and Viana, J.H.M., Manual de métodos de análise de solos. 2011, Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa Solos. 230.
ABNT., Norma NBR 10664/1989 - Águas – determinação de resíduos (sólidos) – método gravimétrico. 1989, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas: Rio de Janeiro.
DePaula, F.C.F. and Mozeto, A.A., Biogeochemical evolution of trace elements in a pristine watershed in the Brazilian southeastern coastal region. Applied Geochemistry, 2001. 16(9-10): p. 1139-1151. DOI: 10.1016/s0883-2927(00)00084-6.
USEPA. Method 3050b: acid digestion of sediments sludge and soils. 1996 [cited 2016 25 June]; Available from: http://www.epa.gov/sam/pdfs/EPA-3050b.pdf.
Ribani, M., Bottoli, C.B.G., Collins, C.H., Jardim, I.C.S.F., and Melo, L.F.C., Validação em métodos cromatográficos e eletroforéticos. Química Nova, 2004. 27(5): p. 771-780. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422004000500017.
Golobočanin, D.D., Škrbić, B.D., and Miljević, N.R., Principal component analysis for soil contamination with PAHs. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 2004. 72(2): p. 219-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.01.017.
Moita Neto, J.M. and Moita, G.C., Uma introdução à análise exploratória de dados multivariados. Química Nova, 1998. 21(4): p. 467-469. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40421998000400016.
StatSoft.Inc., STATISTICA (data analysis software system). 2011: Tulsa, USA.
Melo, V.F., Novais, R.F., Schaefer, C.E.G.R., Fontes, M.P.F., and Singh, B., Mineralogia das frações areia, silte e argila de sedimentos do grupo barreiras no município de Aracruz, estado do Espírito Santo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2002. 26(1): p. 29-41. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-06832002000100004.
Cruz, M.A.S., Santos, L.T.S.d.O., Lima, L.G.L.M., and Jesus, T.B.d., Caracterização granulométrica e mineralógica dos sedimentos como suporte para análise de contaminação ambiental em nascentes do rio Subaé, Feira de Santana (BA). Geochimica Brasiliensis, 2013. 27(1): p. 49-62. DOI: 10.5327/z0102-9800201300010005.
Li, X., Heavy metal speciation and leaching behaviors in cement based solidified/stabilized waste materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001. 82(3): p. 215-230. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00360-5.
Esteves, F.d.A., Fundamentos de limnologia. 2011, Rio de Janeiro.: Editora Interciência.
Santos, J.S.d., Souza, F.M.d., and Santos, M.L.P.d., Distribuição de Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn e Fe nas frações do sedimento superficial do Rio Cachoeira na região sul da Bahia, Brasil. Química Nova, 2013. 36(2): p. 230-236. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422013000200005.
Rodrigues, M.A., Silva, P.P., and Guerra, W., Cobre. Química Nova na Escola, 2012. 34.
Lopes, C., Campos, M.L., Silveira, C.B.d., Gatiboni, L.C., Miquelutti, D.J., Cassol, P.C., and Medeiros, Í.d.F., Adsorção de Cu e Zn num Latossolo Vermelho tratado com dejetos suínos. Revista Ceres, 2014. 61(6): p. 997-1005. DOI: 10.1590/0034-737x201461060016.
Baird, C. and Cann, M., Química Ambiental. 2011, Porto Alegre: Bookman. 844.
Carvalho, V.G.B.d., Nascimento, C.W.A.d., and Biondi, C.M., Potencial de fertilizantes e corretivos no aporte de micronutrientes ao solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2012. 36(3): p. 931-938. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-06832012000300023.
Jesus, H.C.d., Costa, E.d.A., Mendonça, A.S.F., and Zandonade, E., Distribuição de metais pesados em sedimentos do sistema estuarino da Ilha de Vitória-ES. Química Nova, 2004. 27(3): p. 378-386. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422004000300004.
Sultan, K. and Shazili, N.A., Geochemical baselines of major, minor and trace elements in the tropical sediments of the Terengganu River basin, Malaysia. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2010. 25(4): p. 340-354. DOI: 10.1016/s1001-6279(11)60002-4.
Song, Y., Ji, J., Yang, Z., Yuan, X., Mao, C., Frost, R.L., and Ayoko, G.A., Geochemical behavior assessment and apportionment of heavy metal contaminants in the bottom sediments of lower reach of Changjiang River. Catena, 2011. 85(1): p. 73-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2010.12.009.